martes, 30 de septiembre de 2008

desalinizacion : El sol y los subsidios dan energía a España

DESALINIZACION + ENERGIA SOLAR = AGUA

 

El sol y los subsidios dan energía a España

LONDRES

Cuando el sol se eleva sobre Sevilla, su luz cegadora se refleja en un campo de 624 espejos rodeado de girasoles.

Los espejos en movimiento reflejan los rayos solares sobre una torre blanca de 115 metros de altura que usa el calor concentrado para hervir agua y generar así el vapor que mueve una turbina eléctrica 97 veces por segundo. Es la primera planta comercial de electricidad termosolar de Europa y representa la vanguardia de un creciente movimiento a favor de la energía verde.

''¡Mira, mira!'', exclama el director de la planta, Valerio Fernández, mientras observa una pantalla de ordenador que muestra que la producción está rozando el máximo. En los días claros y calurosos, la planta, valorada en 37 millones de euros ($55 millones), puede generar 11 megavatios, suficiente electricidad para 5,500 viviendas. La planta no logra alcanzar su objetivo a mediodía de este día de junio, lo que significa que un puñado de viviendas tendrán que utilizar electricidad de combustibles fósiles. ''Uf, no lo alcanzamos'', dijo Fernández, de 39 años. ``Casi''.

''Cerca, pero no lo bastante'' es una frase que podría aplicarse a la energía solar en general. El aumento de los precios del petróleo y el gas, la incertidumbre sobre la seguridad de los suministros extranjeros, y el sistema de subsidios en España y Alemania están haciendo la energía solar más competitiva de lo que jamás ha sido.

Esas condiciones han estimulado a empresas europeas como Abengoa, radicada en Sevilla, que construyó la planta en donde trabaja Fernández, a entrar en la carrera por explotar los rayos solares con fines energéticos. La energía solar, adecuadamente explotada, podría resolver los problemas energéticos del mundo.

''En seis horas, el consumo anual de energía de la humanidad es devuelto como energía solar a los desiertos'', dice el físico alemán de partículas Gerhard Knies. Ha ideado un plan audaz para erigir plantas de espejos en el desierto del Sáhara y conectar, a través del mar Mediterráneo, los países del norte de Africa a las grandes redes de Europa. ''Es un proyecto maravilloso'', dice Jeffrey Sachs, director del Instituto de la Tierra, en la Universidad de Columbia, de Nueva York. ''Aún no están al nivel de la tecnología comercial'', dice, ''pero confío en que llegarán''. Sachs dice que la financiación pública será una de las claves del éxito.

El año pasado la Unión Europea estableció el objetivo de generar para el año 2020 el 20 por ciento de su energía de fuentes renovables, por encima del 9.2 por ciento en el 2006.

La invasión rusa de Georgia, en agosto, también demostró el riesgo de confiar demasiado de un proveedor extranjero de combustible. Rusia suministra más del 40 por ciento de las importaciones europeas de gas y un tercio del petróleo importado, según la Comisión Europea, el brazo ejecutivo de la UE.

''Con la intervención de Rusia en Georgia, es crucial que Europa diversifique las fuentes tecnológicas y geográficas de su energía'', dice Michael Ware, director gerente en Good Energies Inc., firma que gestiona 4,000 millones de euros de inversiones en energía renovable para la multimillonaria familia holandesa Brenninkmeijer.

Knies, un dinámico septuagenario que anteriormente fue investigador en el centro de física de partículas Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, en Hamburgo, organizó una conferencia en abril a la que asistieron 160 personas, incluso inversores, representantes de empresas como Abengoa, y políticos.

Knies, de 71 años, hijo de un pastor protestante, les dijo que la energía solar es gratis, limpia y casi inagotable. La luz solar puede recogerse en los desiertos y utilizarse para alimentar plantas desalinizadoras que pueden llevar agua potable y riego a las tierras yermas.

''Si gestionamos la explotación de la energía solar del desierto, entonces podremos tener la tecnología para resolver nuestros problemas'', dice Knies. Poniendo espejos en solo el 0.2% de la superficie del Sáhara --en un área de 80 millas por 80 millas-- se podría generar toda la electricidad de la UE, dice.

Francia, que generó el año pasado el 77% de su electricidad con plantas nucleares, quiere crear un Plan Solar Mediterráneo como parte de una nueva unión de Estados europeos y mediterráneos que Sarkozy fundó a principios de año. El objetivo de la unión es impulsar el comercio, la seguridad y el empleo en Africa del Norte, una gran fuente de inmigración ilegal hacia Europa. La perspectiva de Knies podría ser demasiado optimista. La energía solar tiene que competir con otras fuentes de energía, desde la eólica a la nuclear.


CONSULTEN, OPINEN , ESCRIBAN LIBREMENTE
Saludos
Rodrigo González Fernández
Diplomado en RSE de la ONU
www.consultajuridicachile.blogspot.com
www.el-observatorio-politico.blogspot.com
www.lobbyingchile.blogspot.com
www.biocombustibles.blogspot.com
www.calentamientoglobalchile.blogspot.com
oficina: Renato Sánchez 3586 of. 10
Teléfono: OF .02-  8854223- CEL: 76850061
e-mail: rogofe47@mi.cl
Santiago- Chile
Soliciten nuestros cursos de capacitación  y consultoría en LIDERAZGO -  RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL – LOBBY – BIOCOMBUSTIBLES  ,   y asesorías a nivel internacional y están disponibles  para OTEC Y OTIC en Chile

Understanding the business opportunities in the voluntary carbon markets


Voluntary Carbon Markets - London
Understanding the business opportunities in the voluntary carbon markets
London, UK, 14-15 October 2008

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Carbon Markets Africa
Announcing the 2nd Annual Networking Event - CDM business opportunities in Africa
Table Bay Hotel, Cape Town, South Africa, 17 - 19 November 2008
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Towards Sustainable Consumption and Production in European Manufacturing
Brussels, Belgium, 19-20 November 2008
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Dear colleague,

According to New Carbon Finance's recently launched Voluntary Carbon Index, 'the price of voluntary carbon credits (Verified Emission Reductions) has continued its upward trend with VER transactions in July-August 2008 averaging $6.3/tCO2e, up by 26% on 2007 prices and 60% on 2006 prices' – source www.newcarbonfinance.com

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Measuring your carbon footprint: calculating emissions from business operations

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October 08
Next Generation Biofuels Markets, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 6-7 October 2008
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November 08
Sustainable Manufacturing Summit Europe, Brussels, Belgium, 19-20 November 2008
Carbon Markets Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, 17-19 November 2008
Biofuels Markets Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, 20-21 November 2008
Biodiversity & Ecosystem Finance Europe, London, UK, 25-26 November 2008

December 08
Corporate Water Footprint, San Francisco, USA, 2-3 December 2008
Solar Innovation & Investment, New York, USA, 2-3 December 2008


CONSULTEN, OPINEN , ESCRIBAN LIBREMENTE
Saludos
Rodrigo González Fernández
Diplomado en RSE de la ONU
www.consultajuridicachile.blogspot.com
www.el-observatorio-politico.blogspot.com
www.lobbyingchile.blogspot.com
www.biocombustibles.blogspot.com
www.calentamientoglobalchile.blogspot.com
oficina: Renato Sánchez 3586 of. 10
Teléfono: OF .02-  8854223- CEL: 76850061
e-mail: rogofe47@mi.cl
Santiago- Chile
Soliciten nuestros cursos de capacitación  y consultoría en LIDERAZGO -  RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL – LOBBY – BIOCOMBUSTIBLES  ,   y asesorías a nivel internacional y están disponibles  para OTEC Y OTIC en Chile